منابع مشابه
Prandial Insulin: Is Inhaled Enough?
The low proportion of patients achieving glycemic targets is well documented for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Postprandial glucose levels are often not monitored but contribute significantly to total glycemic burden. Prandial rapid-acting insulin analogues were introduced to address some of these problems but still do not provide a physiologic insulin replacement. Inhaled prandial insulins ...
متن کاملInhaled insulin: promises and concerns.
Since the introduction of Pfizer Exubera in the early 1990s, a number of other inhaled insulin solutions have been developed. This article provides an overview of inhaled insulin systems developed by Pfizer, Novo Nordisk, MannKind, and Lilly, three of which are currently in phase 3 trials. The strengths and weaknesses of each product, as well as the general technologies (liquid vs dry powder), ...
متن کاملInhaled insulin in diabetes mellitus.
BACKGROUND Insulin therapy often relies on multiple daily injections of insulin. However this is a considerable burden to many people with diabetes and adherence to such an insulin regimen can be difficult to maintain, hence compromising optimal glycaemic control. Also, short acting injected insulin is absorbed more slowly than insulin released by the normal pancreas in response to a meal. Inha...
متن کاملInhaled insulin: overview of a novel route of insulin administration
Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by inadequate insulin secretion with resulting hyperglycemia. Diabetes complications include both microvascular and macrovascular disease, both of which are affected by optimal diabetes control. Many individuals with diabetes rely on subcutaneous insulin administration by injection or continuous infusion to control glucose levels. Novel routes of insu...
متن کاملInhaled insulin--does it become reality?
After more than 80 years of history the American and European Drug Agencies (FDA and EMEA) approved the first pulmonary delivered version of insulin (Exubera) from Pfizer/Nektar early 2006. However, in October 2007, Pfizer announced it would be taking Exubera off the market, citing that the drug had failed to gain market acceptance. Since 1924 various attempts have been made to get away from in...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism
سال: 2006
ISSN: 1745-8366,1745-8374
DOI: 10.1038/ncpendmet0264